diff --git a/src/schema.rs b/src/schema.rs
index f1f93da..5d0fd87 100644
--- a/src/schema.rs
+++ b/src/schema.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 
 use loggers::Logger;
 use repository::SymbolRepository;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Symbol, SymbolRunner};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum SymbolRunError {
@@ -35,15 +36,20 @@ impl fmt::Display for SymbolRunError {
   }
 }
 
-pub trait SymbolRunner {
-  fn run_symbol<S: ?Sized + Symbol + fmt::Display>(&self, logger: &mut Logger, symbol: &S) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>;
+pub struct InitializingSymbolRunner<L: Logger> {
+  logger: RefCell<L>
 }
 
-pub struct InitializingSymbolRunner;
+impl<L: Logger> InitializingSymbolRunner<L> {
+  pub fn new(logger: L) -> Self {
+    Self { logger: RefCell::new(logger) }
+  }
+}
 
-impl SymbolRunner for InitializingSymbolRunner {
-  fn run_symbol<S: ?Sized + Symbol + fmt::Display>(&self, logger: &mut Logger, symbol: &S) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>
+impl<L: Logger> SymbolRunner for InitializingSymbolRunner<L> {
+  fn run_symbol(&self, symbol: &Symbol) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>
   {
+    let mut logger = self.logger.borrow_mut();
     let target_reached = try!(symbol.target_reached());
     if target_reached {
       logger.write(format!("{} already reached", symbol).as_str());
@@ -61,11 +67,20 @@ impl SymbolRunner for InitializingSymbolRunner {
   }
 }
 
-pub struct DrySymbolRunner;
+pub struct DrySymbolRunner<L: Logger> {
+  logger: RefCell<L>
+}
 
-impl SymbolRunner for DrySymbolRunner {
-  fn run_symbol<S: ?Sized + Symbol + fmt::Display>(&self, logger: &mut Logger, symbol: &S) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>
+impl<L: Logger> DrySymbolRunner<L> {
+  pub fn new(logger: L) -> Self {
+    Self { logger: RefCell::new(logger) }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<L: Logger> SymbolRunner for DrySymbolRunner<L> {
+  fn run_symbol(&self, symbol: &Symbol) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>
   {
+    let mut logger = self.logger.borrow_mut();
     let target_reached = try!(symbol.target_reached());
     logger.debug(format!("Symbol reports target_reached: {:?}", target_reached).as_str());
     if !target_reached {
@@ -75,19 +90,20 @@ impl SymbolRunner for DrySymbolRunner {
   }
 }
 
-pub struct ReportingSymbolRunner<'a, R: 'a + SymbolRunner>(&'a R);
+pub struct ReportingSymbolRunner<'a, R: 'a + SymbolRunner, L: Logger>(&'a R, RefCell<L>);
 
-impl<'a, R> ReportingSymbolRunner<'a, R> where R: SymbolRunner {
-  pub fn new(symbol_runner: &'a R) -> Self {
-    ReportingSymbolRunner(symbol_runner)
+impl<'a, R, L> ReportingSymbolRunner<'a, R, L> where R: SymbolRunner, L: Logger {
+  pub fn new(symbol_runner: &'a R, logger: L) -> Self {
+    ReportingSymbolRunner(symbol_runner, RefCell::new(logger))
   }
 }
 
-impl<'a, R> SymbolRunner for ReportingSymbolRunner<'a, R> where R: SymbolRunner {
-  fn run_symbol<S: ?Sized + Symbol + fmt::Display>(&self, logger: &mut Logger, symbol: &S) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>
+impl<'a, R, L> SymbolRunner for ReportingSymbolRunner<'a, R, L> where R: SymbolRunner, L: Logger {
+  fn run_symbol(&self, symbol: &Symbol) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>
   {
+    let mut logger = self.1.borrow_mut();
     logger.debug(format!("Running symbol {}", symbol).as_str());
-    let res = self.0.run_symbol(logger, symbol);
+    let res = self.0.run_symbol(symbol);
     match &res {
       &Err(ref e) => {
         logger.write(format!("Failed on {} with {}, aborting.", symbol, e).as_str());
@@ -100,7 +116,6 @@ impl<'a, R> SymbolRunner for ReportingSymbolRunner<'a, R> where R: SymbolRunner
   }
 }
 
-use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use resources::Resource;
 
@@ -116,7 +131,7 @@ impl<'a, R> NonRepeatingSymbolRunner<'a, R> where R: SymbolRunner {
 }
 
 impl<'a, R> SymbolRunner for NonRepeatingSymbolRunner<'a, R> where R: SymbolRunner {
-  fn run_symbol<S: ?Sized + Symbol + fmt::Display>(&self, logger: &mut Logger, symbol: &S) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>
+  fn run_symbol(&self, symbol: &Symbol) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>
   {
     if let Some(resources) = symbol.provides() {
       let mut done = self.done.borrow_mut();
@@ -131,7 +146,7 @@ impl<'a, R> SymbolRunner for NonRepeatingSymbolRunner<'a, R> where R: SymbolRunn
         return Ok(());
       }
     }
-    self.upstream.run_symbol(logger, &*symbol)
+    self.upstream.run_symbol(&*symbol)
   }
 }
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
@@ -145,14 +160,14 @@ impl<'a, 's, R, G> RequirementsResolvingSymbolRunner<'a, 's, R, G> where R: Symb
 }
 
 impl<'a, 's, R, G> SymbolRunner for RequirementsResolvingSymbolRunner<'a, 's, R, G> where R: SymbolRunner, G: SymbolRepository<'s> {
-  fn run_symbol<S: ?Sized + Symbol + fmt::Display>(&self, logger: &mut Logger, symbol: &S) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>
+  fn run_symbol(&self, symbol: &Symbol) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>
   {
     for resource in symbol.get_prerequisites() {
       if let Some(dep) = self.1.get_symbol(&resource) {
-        try!(self.run_symbol(logger, &*dep));
+        try!(dep.as_action(self).run());
       }
     }
-    self.0.run_symbol(logger, &*symbol)
+    self.0.run_symbol(&*symbol)
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/symbols/acme/account_key.rs b/src/symbols/acme/account_key.rs
index c619cd6..a055e1e 100644
--- a/src/symbols/acme/account_key.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/acme/account_key.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::path::Path;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct AcmeAccountKey<'a> {
   path: Cow<'a, str>,
@@ -51,6 +51,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for AcmeAccountKey<'a> {
   fn get_prerequisites(&self) -> Vec<Resource> {
     vec![ Resource::new("dir", Path::new(self.get_path()).parent().unwrap().to_string_lossy() ) ]
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/acme/cert.rs b/src/symbols/acme/cert.rs
index 6ccb44f..043083e 100644
--- a/src/symbols/acme/cert.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/acme/cert.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::io::Write;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 use resources::Resource;
 
 pub struct AcmeCert<'a> {
@@ -62,6 +62,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for AcmeCert<'a> {
   fn get_prerequisites(&self) -> Vec<Resource> {
     vec![ Resource::new("file", self.get_csr_path()) ]
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/acme/chain.rs b/src/symbols/acme/chain.rs
index 145ce4d..491b039 100644
--- a/src/symbols/acme/chain.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/acme/chain.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::io::Write;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 use resources::Resource;
 
 pub struct AcmeCertChain<'a> {
@@ -63,6 +63,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for AcmeCertChain<'a> {
   fn get_prerequisites(&self) -> Vec<Resource> {
     vec![ Resource::new("file", self.get_single_cert_path()) ]
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/dir.rs b/src/symbols/dir.rs
index ed6cbba..54a03df 100644
--- a/src/symbols/dir.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/dir.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::io;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct Dir<D> where D: AsRef<str> + fmt::Display {
   path: D
@@ -50,6 +50,14 @@ impl<D> Symbol for Dir<D> where D: AsRef<str> + fmt::Display {
   fn provides(&self) -> Option<Vec<Resource>> {
     Some(vec![ Resource::new("dir", self.path.to_string()) ])
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'a>(&'a self, runner: &'a SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'a> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'a>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'a SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'a> where Self: 'a {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 impl<D> fmt::Display for Dir<D> where D: AsRef<str> + fmt::Display {
diff --git a/src/symbols/file.rs b/src/symbols/file.rs
index 68e971c..cf33179 100644
--- a/src/symbols/file.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/file.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::io::{Read, Write};
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::path::Path;
 
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 use resources::Resource;
 
 pub struct File<C, D> where C: Deref<Target=str>, D: AsRef<str> + fmt::Display {
@@ -56,6 +56,14 @@ impl<C, D> Symbol for File<C, D> where C: Deref<Target=str>, D: AsRef<str> + fmt
   fn get_prerequisites(&self) -> Vec<Resource> {
     vec![ Resource::new("dir", Path::new(self.path.as_ref()).parent().unwrap().to_string_lossy() ) ]
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'a>(&'a self, runner: &'a SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'a> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'a>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'a SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'a> where Self: 'a {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 impl<C, D> fmt::Display for File<C, D> where C: Deref<Target=str>, D: AsRef<str> + fmt::Display {
diff --git a/src/symbols/git/checkout.rs b/src/symbols/git/checkout.rs
index ab6ad33..b3f0996 100644
--- a/src/symbols/git/checkout.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/git/checkout.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::path::Path;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct GitCheckout<'a> {
   target: &'a str,
@@ -72,6 +72,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for GitCheckout<'a> {
   fn provides(&self) -> Option<Vec<Resource>> {
     Some(vec![ Resource::new("dir", self.target.to_string()) ])
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/git/submodules.rs b/src/symbols/git/submodules.rs
index d929833..7648aa8 100644
--- a/src/symbols/git/submodules.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/git/submodules.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct GitSubmodules<'a> {
   target: &'a str,
@@ -46,6 +46,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for GitSubmodules<'a> {
     try!(self._run_in_target_repo(&["submodule", "update", "--init"]));
     Ok(())
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/hook.rs b/src/symbols/hook.rs
index cac23db..011d6b1 100644
--- a/src/symbols/hook.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/hook.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct Hook<A, B> where A: Symbol, B: Symbol {
   a: A,
@@ -42,6 +42,14 @@ impl<A, B> Symbol for Hook<A, B> where A: Symbol, B: Symbol {
     }
     if r.len() > 0 { Some(r) } else { None }
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'a>(&'a self, runner: &'a SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'a> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'a>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'a SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'a> where Self: 'a {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 impl<A, B> fmt::Display for Hook<A, B> where A: Symbol, B: Symbol {
@@ -55,7 +63,7 @@ mod test {
   use std::error::Error;
   use std::fmt;
 
-  use symbols::Symbol;
+  use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
   use symbols::hook::Hook;
 
   struct ErrSymbol(String);
diff --git a/src/symbols/if_already_present.rs b/src/symbols/if_already_present.rs
index 755b6fa..61d46db 100644
--- a/src/symbols/if_already_present.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/if_already_present.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct IfAlreadyPresent<A, B> where A: Symbol, B: Symbol {
   a: A,
@@ -50,6 +50,14 @@ impl<A, B> Symbol for IfAlreadyPresent<A, B> where A: Symbol, B: Symbol {
     }
     if r.len() > 0 { Some(r) } else { None }
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'a>(&'a self, runner: &'a SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'a> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'a>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'a SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'a> where Self: 'a {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 impl<A, B> fmt::Display for IfAlreadyPresent<A, B> where A: Symbol, B: Symbol {
@@ -63,7 +71,7 @@ mod test {
   use std::error::Error;
   use std::fmt;
 
-  use symbols::Symbol;
+  use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
   use symbols::if_already_present::IfAlreadyPresent;
 
   struct ErrSymbol(String);
diff --git a/src/symbols/list.rs b/src/symbols/list.rs
index badc2ce..02c3a3b 100644
--- a/src/symbols/list.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/list.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, Symbol, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct List<'a> {
   symbols: Vec<Box<Symbol + 'a>>
@@ -17,10 +17,8 @@ impl<'a> List<'a> {
 impl<'a> Symbol for List<'a> {
   fn target_reached(&self) -> Result<bool, Box<Error>> {
     for symbol in &self.symbols {
-      match symbol.target_reached() {
-        Ok(false) => return Ok(false),
-        Err(e) => return Err(e),
-        Ok(true) => {}
+      if !try!(symbol.target_reached()) {
+        return Ok(false);
       }
     }
     Ok(true)
@@ -52,6 +50,53 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for List<'a> {
     }
     if r.len() > 0 { Some(r) } else { None }
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolListAction::new(runner, &self.symbols))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(ListAction::new(self.symbols.into_iter().map(|s| s.into_action(runner)).collect()))
+  }
+}
+
+struct SymbolListAction<'a> {
+  runner: &'a SymbolRunner,
+  symbols: &'a Vec<Box<Symbol + 'a>>
+}
+
+impl<'a> SymbolListAction<'a> {
+  fn new(runner: &'a SymbolRunner, symbols: &'a Vec<Box<Symbol + 'a>>) -> Self {
+    Self { runner: runner, symbols: symbols }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Action for SymbolListAction<'a> {
+  fn run(&self) -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+    for symbol in self.symbols {
+      try!(symbol.as_action(self.runner).run());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+  }
+}
+
+pub struct ListAction<'a> {
+  actions: Vec<Box<Action + 'a>>
+}
+
+impl<'a> ListAction<'a> {
+  pub fn new(actions: Vec<Box<Action + 'a>>) -> Self {
+    Self { actions: actions }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Action for ListAction<'a> {
+  fn run(&self) -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+    for action in &self.actions {
+      try!(action.run());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+  }
 }
 
 impl<'a> fmt::Display for List<'a> {
@@ -70,7 +115,7 @@ mod test {
   use std::error::Error;
   use std::fmt;
 
-  use symbols::Symbol;
+  use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
   use symbols::hook::List;
 
   struct ErrSymbol(String);
diff --git a/src/symbols/mariadb/database.rs b/src/symbols/mariadb/database.rs
index 60951b2..c886c84 100644
--- a/src/symbols/mariadb/database.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/mariadb/database.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct MariaDBDatabase<'a> {
   db_name: Cow<'a, str>,
@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for MariaDBDatabase<'a> {
     try!(self.run_sql(&format!("CREATE DATABASE {}", self.db_name)));
     self.command_runner.run_successfully("sh", &["-c", &format!("mariadb '{}' < {}", self.db_name, self.seed_file)])
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/mariadb/database_dump.rs b/src/symbols/mariadb/database_dump.rs
index d582502..d1af601 100644
--- a/src/symbols/mariadb/database_dump.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/mariadb/database_dump.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 use storage::Storage;
 
 pub struct DatabaseDump<'a, S> where S: Storage {
@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ impl<'a, S> Symbol for DatabaseDump<'a, S> where S: Storage {
   fn execute(&self) -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
     self.command_runner.run_successfully("sh", &["-c", &format!("mysqldump '{}' > {}", self.db_name, self.storage.write_filename())])
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/mariadb/user.rs b/src/symbols/mariadb/user.rs
index b4e53b1..df20a15 100644
--- a/src/symbols/mariadb/user.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/mariadb/user.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::fmt;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct MariaDBUser<'a> {
   user_name: Cow<'a, str>,
@@ -44,6 +44,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for MariaDBUser<'a> {
   fn get_prerequisites(&self) -> Vec<Resource> {
     vec![ Resource::new("user", self.user_name.to_string()) ]
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/mod.rs b/src/symbols/mod.rs
index 4f43cd0..caa361f 100644
--- a/src/symbols/mod.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/mod.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@ use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use resources::Resource;
 
+pub trait Action {
+  fn run(&self) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>;
+}
+
+pub trait SymbolRunner {
+  fn run_symbol(&self, symbol: &Symbol) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>;
+}
+
+// Symbol
 pub trait Symbol: Display {
   fn target_reached(&self) -> Result<bool, Box<Error>>;
   fn execute(&self) -> Result<(), Box<Error>>;
@@ -11,6 +20,43 @@ pub trait Symbol: Display {
   fn provides(&self) -> Option<Vec<Resource>> {
     None
   }
+  fn as_action<'a>(&'a self, runner: &'a SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'a>;
+  fn into_action<'a>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'a SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'a> where Self: 'a;
+}
+
+// SymbolAction
+struct SymbolAction<'a, S: Symbol + 'a> {
+  runner: &'a SymbolRunner,
+  symbol: &'a S
+}
+
+impl<'a, S: Symbol> SymbolAction<'a, S> {
+  fn new(runner: &'a SymbolRunner, symbol: &'a S) -> Self {
+    Self { runner: runner, symbol: symbol }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a, S: Symbol> Action for SymbolAction<'a, S> {
+  fn run(&self) -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+    self.runner.run_symbol(self.symbol)
+  }
+}
+
+struct OwnedSymbolAction<'a, S: Symbol + 'a> {
+  runner: &'a SymbolRunner,
+  symbol: S
+}
+
+impl<'a, S: Symbol + 'a> OwnedSymbolAction<'a, S> {
+  fn new(runner: &'a SymbolRunner, symbol: S) -> Self {
+    Self { runner: runner, symbol: symbol }
+  }
+}
+
+impl<'a, S: Symbol + 'a> Action for OwnedSymbolAction<'a, S> {
+  fn run(&self) -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+    self.runner.run_symbol(&self.symbol)
+  }
 }
 
 pub mod acme;
diff --git a/src/symbols/nginx/server.rs b/src/symbols/nginx/server.rs
index c0da524..eaabf99 100644
--- a/src/symbols/nginx/server.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/nginx/server.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::io;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 use symbols::file::File as FileSymbol;
 use resources::Resource;
 
@@ -146,6 +146,14 @@ impl<'a, C> Symbol for NginxServer<'a, C> where C: Deref<Target=str> {
   fn get_prerequisites(&self) -> Vec<Resource> {
     self.file.get_prerequisites()
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 impl<'a, C> fmt::Display for NginxServer<'a, C> where C: Deref<Target=str> {
diff --git a/src/symbols/npm.rs b/src/symbols/npm.rs
index a36e000..7fd3ed9 100644
--- a/src/symbols/npm.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/npm.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct NpmInstall<'a> {
   target: &'a str,
@@ -37,6 +37,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for NpmInstall<'a> {
   fn execute(&self) -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
     self.command_runner.run_successfully("sh", &["-c", &format!("cd '{}' && npm install --production --unsafe-perm", self.target)])
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/owner.rs b/src/symbols/owner.rs
index 0904b94..168ca2d 100644
--- a/src/symbols/owner.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/owner.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use users::get_user_by_name;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct Owner<'a, D> where D: AsRef<str> + fmt::Display {
   path: D,
@@ -40,6 +40,14 @@ impl<'a, D> Symbol for Owner<'a, D> where D: AsRef<str> + fmt::Display {
   fn get_prerequisites(&self) -> Vec<Resource> {
     vec![ Resource::new("user", self.user_name.to_string()) ]
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 impl<'a, D> fmt::Display for Owner<'a, D> where D: AsRef<str> + fmt::Display {
diff --git a/src/symbols/stored_directory.rs b/src/symbols/stored_directory.rs
index 9ce4d14..05b1d9a 100644
--- a/src/symbols/stored_directory.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/stored_directory.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 use storage::Storage;
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
@@ -91,6 +91,14 @@ impl<'a, S> Symbol for StoredDirectory<'a, S> where S: Storage {
       None
     }
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/systemd/node_js_user_service.rs b/src/symbols/systemd/node_js_user_service.rs
index 4c5cb0d..e25bf00 100644
--- a/src/symbols/systemd/node_js_user_service.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/systemd/node_js_user_service.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use std::error::Error;
-use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::io;
-use std::fs::{self, Metadata};
+use std::fs;
 use std::process::Output;
 use std::thread::sleep;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ use std::ops::Deref;
 
 use command_runner::{CommandRunner, SetuidCommandRunner};
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 use symbols::file::File as FileSymbol;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -152,6 +151,14 @@ impl<'a, C, R> Symbol for NodeJsSystemdUserService<'a, C, R> where C: Deref<Targ
     r.extend(self.file.get_prerequisites().into_iter());
     r
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 impl<'a, C, R> fmt::Display for NodeJsSystemdUserService<'a, C, R> where C: Deref<Target=str>, R: CommandRunner {
diff --git a/src/symbols/systemd/reload.rs b/src/symbols/systemd/reload.rs
index 71abe4d..04edd3f 100644
--- a/src/symbols/systemd/reload.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/systemd/reload.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::error::Error;
 use std::fmt;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct ReloadService<'a> {
   service: &'a str,
@@ -26,6 +26,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for ReloadService<'a> {
   fn execute(&self) -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
     self.command_runner.run_successfully("systemctl", &["reload-or-restart", self.service])
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 impl<'a> fmt::Display for ReloadService<'a> {
diff --git a/src/symbols/systemd/user_session.rs b/src/symbols/systemd/user_session.rs
index a56232b..9387f4f 100644
--- a/src/symbols/systemd/user_session.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/systemd/user_session.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum SystemdUserSessionError<E: Error> {
@@ -58,6 +58,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for SystemdUserSession<'a> {
   fn execute(&self) -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
     self.command_runner.run_successfully("loginctl", &["enable-linger", self.user_name.borrow()])
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 impl<'a> fmt::Display for SystemdUserSession<'a> {
diff --git a/src/symbols/tls/csr.rs b/src/symbols/tls/csr.rs
index b4f7dc7..6bd39c1 100644
--- a/src/symbols/tls/csr.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/tls/csr.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::path::Path;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct TlsCsr<'a> {
   domain: Cow<'a, str>,
@@ -53,6 +53,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for TlsCsr<'a> {
   fn get_prerequisites(&self) -> Vec<Resource> {
     vec![Resource::new("file", self.get_key_path())]
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/tls/key.rs b/src/symbols/tls/key.rs
index 329d72a..0e7ac6d 100644
--- a/src/symbols/tls/key.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/tls/key.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct TlsKey<'a> {
   domain: Cow<'a, str>,
@@ -47,6 +47,14 @@ impl<'a> Symbol for TlsKey<'a> {
   fn execute(&self) -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
     self.command_runner.run_successfully("openssl", &["genrsa", "-out", &self.get_path(), &self.get_bytes().to_string()])
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/tls/self_signed_cert.rs b/src/symbols/tls/self_signed_cert.rs
index aa3fa27..3649972 100644
--- a/src/symbols/tls/self_signed_cert.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/tls/self_signed_cert.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::path::Path;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 pub struct SelfSignedTlsCert<'a> {
   domain: Cow<'a, str>,
@@ -63,6 +63,14 @@ println!("{}", output.status.code().unwrap());
   fn get_prerequisites(&self) -> Vec<Resource> {
     vec![Resource::new("file", self.get_key_path())]
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/src/symbols/user.rs b/src/symbols/user.rs
index 33425eb..d859aee 100644
--- a/src/symbols/user.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/user.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::io::Error as IoError;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
 use resources::Resource;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum UserAdderError<E: Error> {
@@ -110,6 +110,14 @@ impl<'a, E: 'static + Error, A: UserAdder<SubE=E>> Symbol for User<'a, E, A> {
   fn provides(&self) -> Option<Vec<Resource>> {
     Some(vec![Resource::new("user", self.user_name.to_string())])
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 pub struct SystemUserAdder<'a> {
@@ -160,7 +168,7 @@ mod test {
   use std::fmt;
 
   use command_runner::StdCommandRunner;
-  use symbols::Symbol;
+  use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
   use symbols::user::User;
   use symbols::user::UserAdder;
   use symbols::user::UserAdderError;
diff --git a/src/symbols/wordpress/plugin.rs b/src/symbols/wordpress/plugin.rs
index a406e3e..81a3d0f 100644
--- a/src/symbols/wordpress/plugin.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/wordpress/plugin.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 use resources::Resource;
 
 pub struct WordpressPlugin<'a, C, R> where C: Deref<Target=str> + fmt::Display, R: 'a + CommandRunner {
@@ -66,6 +66,14 @@ impl<'a, C, R> Symbol for WordpressPlugin<'a, C, R> where C: Deref<Target=str> +
       None => vec![]
     }
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 impl<'a, C, R> fmt::Display for WordpressPlugin<'a, C, R> where C: Deref<Target=str> + fmt::Display, R: CommandRunner {
diff --git a/src/symbols/wordpress/translation.rs b/src/symbols/wordpress/translation.rs
index 6c51bcb..832db5c 100644
--- a/src/symbols/wordpress/translation.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/wordpress/translation.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use command_runner::CommandRunner;
-use symbols::Symbol;
+use symbols::{Action, OwnedSymbolAction, Symbol, SymbolAction, SymbolRunner};
 use resources::Resource;
 
 pub struct WordpressTranslation<'a, C, D, R> where C: Deref<Target=str> + fmt::Display, D: AsRef<str> + fmt::Display, R: 'a + CommandRunner {
@@ -88,6 +88,14 @@ impl<'a, C, D, R> Symbol for WordpressTranslation<'a, C, D, R> where C: Deref<Ta
   fn get_prerequisites(&self) -> Vec<Resource> {
     vec![ Resource::new("dir", self.path.as_ref()) ]
   }
+
+  fn as_action<'b>(&'b self, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> {
+    Box::new(SymbolAction::new(runner, self))
+  }
+
+  fn into_action<'b>(self: Box<Self>, runner: &'b SymbolRunner) -> Box<Action + 'b> where Self: 'b {
+    Box::new(OwnedSymbolAction::new(runner, *self))
+  }
 }
 
 impl<'a, C, D, R> fmt::Display for WordpressTranslation<'a, C, D, R> where C: Deref<Target=str> + fmt::Display, D: AsRef<str> + fmt::Display, R: CommandRunner {