diff --git a/src/resources/mod.rs b/src/resources/mod.rs
index a4a8ab9..e470765 100644
--- a/src/resources/mod.rs
+++ b/src/resources/mod.rs
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ impl<D> Resource for Cron<D> {
 use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};
 
 pub trait FromResource<R> {
-  fn from_resource(from: R) -> (Self, Weak<R>)
+  fn from_resource(from: &Rc<R>) -> (Self, Weak<R>)
   where
     Self: Sized;
 }
@@ -250,8 +250,7 @@ macro_rules! default_resources {
     }
 
     $(impl<'a, D> FromResource<$type> for DefaultResources<'a, D> {
-      fn from_resource(from: $type) -> (Self, Weak<$type>) {
-        let inner = Rc::new(from);
+      fn from_resource(inner: &Rc<$type>) -> (Self, Weak<$type>) {
         (Self::$name(Rc::clone(&inner)), Rc::downgrade(&inner))
       }
     })*
diff --git a/src/setup/cache.rs b/src/setup/cache.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e28287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/setup/cache.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+use super::{Add, AddResult, AddableResource};
+use crate::async_utils::sleep;
+use crate::resources::{FromArtifact, FromResource};
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use futures_util::future::{FutureExt, Shared};
+use slog::{trace, Logger};
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::future::Future;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use std::pin::Pin;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+type ResourceCache<Rs, As> = HashMap<Rs, Shared<Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = (As, bool)>>>>>;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Cache<I, Rs, As> {
+  resources: RefCell<ResourceCache<Rs, As>>,
+  inner: Rc<I>,
+}
+
+impl<I, Rs, As> Cache<I, Rs, As> {
+  pub fn new(inner: I) -> Self {
+    Self {
+      resources: RefCell::default(),
+      inner: Rc::new(inner),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[async_trait(?Send)]
+impl<R: AddableResource + Debug, I, Rs, As> Add<R> for Cache<I, Rs, As>
+where
+  Rs: Hash + Eq + 'static + FromResource<R>,
+  As: 'static + FromArtifact<R> + Clone,
+  I: 'static + Add<R>,
+{
+  // FIXME: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/6353
+  #[allow(clippy::await_holding_refcell_ref)]
+  async fn add(&self, logger: &Rc<Logger>, resource: Rc<R>, force_run: bool) -> AddResult<R> {
+    let (storable_resource, weak_resource) = Rs::from_resource(&resource);
+    let mut resources = self.resources.borrow_mut();
+    let result = if let Some(future) = resources.remove(&storable_resource) {
+      assert!(
+        !force_run,
+        "Forcing to run an already-added resource is a logical error"
+      );
+      resources.insert(storable_resource, future.clone());
+      drop(resources);
+      trace!(logger, "Resource already added");
+      Ok(future.await)
+    } else {
+      let inner_weak = Rc::downgrade(&self.inner);
+      let logger_weak = Rc::downgrade(logger);
+      let future = Box::pin(async move {
+        let inner = inner_weak.upgrade().expect("Dangling!");
+        let logger = logger_weak.upgrade().expect("Dangling!");
+        let resource = weak_resource.upgrade().expect("Dangling!");
+        let result = inner.add(&logger, Rc::clone(&resource), force_run).await;
+
+        // Need to convert Box<Error> to String for Clone for Shared
+        result
+          .map(|(t, did_run)| (As::from_artifact(t), did_run))
+          .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+      })
+      .shared();
+      let future_clone = future.clone();
+      resources.insert(
+        storable_resource,
+        (Box::pin(async move {
+          let result = future_clone.await;
+          if result.is_err() {
+            // Step back to give the initial caller time to handle the error before unwrapping
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(0)).await;
+          }
+          result.unwrap()
+        }) as Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = (As, bool)>>>)
+          .shared(),
+      );
+      drop(resources);
+      let result = future.await;
+      result.map_err(std::convert::Into::into)
+    };
+    result.map(|(t, did_run)| (t.into_artifact(), did_run))
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/setup/core.rs b/src/setup/core.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 4b911a1..0000000
--- a/src/setup/core.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,215 +0,0 @@
-use super::runnable::Runnable;
-use super::setup::Setup;
-use super::util::{AddResult, AddableResource};
-use super::SymbolRunner;
-use crate::async_utils::join;
-use crate::resources::{FromArtifact, FromResource};
-use crate::symbols::Symbol;
-use crate::to_artifact::ToArtifact;
-use crate::{ImplementationBuilder, ResourceLocator};
-use async_trait::async_trait;
-use slog::{debug, o, trace, Logger};
-use std::error::Error;
-use std::fmt::Debug;
-use std::hash::Hash;
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
-#[async_trait(?Send)]
-pub trait AddGeneric<X: ToArtifact> {
-  async fn add_generic(&self, logger: &Rc<Logger>, x: X) -> AddResult<X>;
-}
-
-macro_rules! add_generic {
-  ( $($name:ident)* ) => (
-    #[async_trait(?Send)]
-    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
-    impl<SR: 'static, _L: 'static, _B: 'static, Rs: 'static + Hash + Eq, As: 'static + Clone, $($name: AddableResource,)*>
-      AddGeneric<($($name,)*)> for Setup<SR, _L, _B, Rs, As>
-      where
-      $(
-        RegularSetupCore<SR, _L, _B>: SetupCore<$name, Self>,
-        As: FromArtifact<$name>,
-        Rs: FromResource<$name>,
-        $name::Artifact: Clone
-      ),*
-    {
-      #[allow(unused, clippy::shadow_unrelated)]
-      async fn add_generic(&self, logger: &Rc<Logger>, ($($name,)*): ($($name,)*)) -> AddResult<($($name,)*)>
-      {
-        let ($($name,)*) = join!($(self.add(logger, $name, false),)*);
-        let mut did_run_any = false;
-        $(
-        let (artifact, did_run) = $name?;
-        did_run_any = did_run_any || did_run;
-        let $name = artifact;
-        )*
-        Ok((($($name,)*), did_run_any))
-      }
-    }
-  );
-}
-
-for_each_tuple!(add_generic);
-
-// This is for self-referential T
-// FIXME: Wait for specialization
-#[async_trait(?Send)]
-impl<
-    SR: 'static + SymbolRunner,
-    T: AddableResource,
-    Rs: 'static + Hash + Eq + FromResource<T>,
-    As: 'static + FromArtifact<T> + Clone,
-    L: 'static + ResourceLocator<T, Prerequisites = Option<T>>,
-    B: 'static + ImplementationBuilder<T>,
-  > AddGeneric<Option<T>> for Setup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>
-where
-  <B as ImplementationBuilder<T>>::Implementation: Runnable + Debug,
-  Self: AddGeneric<B::Prerequisites>,
-  T::Artifact: Clone,
-  // These bounds cannot be replaced by
-  // `RegularSetupCore<SR, L, B>: SetupCore<T, Self>`
-  // because the prerequisites are Option<T>, too, and thus this would
-  // require AddGeneric<Option<T>> to already be implemented
-{
-  async fn add_generic(&self, logger: &Rc<Logger>, r: Option<T>) -> AddResult<Option<T>> {
-    Ok(match r {
-      Some(r) => {
-        let (result, did_run) = self.add(logger, r, false).await?;
-        (Some(result), did_run)
-      }
-      None => (None, false),
-    })
-  }
-}
-
-#[async_trait(?Send)]
-impl<
-    T: AddableResource,
-    Rs: 'static + Hash + Eq + FromResource<T>,
-    As: 'static + FromArtifact<T> + Clone,
-    SR: 'static,
-    L: 'static,
-    B: 'static,
-  > AddGeneric<T> for Setup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>
-where
-  T::Artifact: Clone,
-  RegularSetupCore<SR, L, B>: 'static + SetupCore<T, Self>,
-{
-  async fn add_generic(&self, logger: &Rc<Logger>, r: T) -> AddResult<T> {
-    self.add(logger, r, false).await
-  }
-}
-
-#[async_trait(?Send)]
-pub trait SetupCore<R: AddableResource, S> {
-  async fn add(
-    &self,
-    setup: &S,
-    logger: &Rc<Logger>,
-    resource: impl AsRef<R>,
-    force_run: bool,
-  ) -> AddResult<R>;
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct RegularSetupCore<SR, L, B> {
-  symbol_runner: SR,
-  phantom: PhantomData<(L, B)>,
-}
-
-impl<SR, L, B> RegularSetupCore<SR, L, B> {
-  pub fn new(symbol_runner: SR) -> Self {
-    Self {
-      symbol_runner,
-      phantom: PhantomData::default(),
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-#[async_trait(?Send)]
-impl<SR: SymbolRunner, L, B, R: AddableResource, S> SetupCore<R, S> for RegularSetupCore<SR, L, B>
-where
-  B: ImplementationBuilder<R>,
-  <B as ImplementationBuilder<R>>::Implementation: Runnable + Debug,
-  L: ResourceLocator<R>,
-  S: AddGeneric<B::Prerequisites> + AddGeneric<<L as ResourceLocator<R>>::Prerequisites>,
-{
-  async fn add(
-    &self,
-    setup: &S,
-    logger: &Rc<Logger>,
-    resource: impl AsRef<R>,
-    force_run: bool,
-  ) -> AddResult<R> {
-    let resource = resource.as_ref();
-    let logger = Rc::new(logger.new(o!("resource" => format!("{resource:?}"))));
-    trace!(logger, "(force_run is {})", force_run);
-    let (location, location_prereqs) = L::locate(resource);
-    trace!(logger, "Adding location prereqs ...");
-    let (_, location_prereqs_did_run) = setup.add_generic(&logger, location_prereqs).await?;
-    trace!(
-      logger,
-      "Location prereqs did_run: {}",
-      location_prereqs_did_run
-    );
-
-    trace!(logger, "Adding implementation prereqs ...");
-    let (prereqs, prereqs_did_run) = setup
-      .add_generic(&logger, B::prerequisites(resource))
-      .await?;
-    trace!(
-      logger,
-      "Implementation prereqs did_run: {}",
-      prereqs_did_run
-    );
-
-    trace!(logger, "Running implementation ...");
-    let implementation = B::create(resource, &location, prereqs);
-    let did_run = implementation
-      .run(
-        &self.symbol_runner,
-        &logger,
-        force_run || location_prereqs_did_run || prereqs_did_run,
-      )
-      .await?;
-    debug!(logger, "done.");
-
-    Ok((location, did_run))
-  }
-}
-
-#[async_trait(?Send)]
-impl<SR: SymbolRunner, L, B> SymbolRunner for RegularSetupCore<SR, L, B> {
-  async fn run_symbol<S: Symbol + Debug>(
-    &self,
-    symbol: &S,
-    logger: &Logger,
-    force: bool,
-  ) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn Error>> {
-    debug!(logger, "Directly running {:?} ...", symbol);
-    let result = self.symbol_runner.run_symbol(symbol, logger, force).await;
-    debug!(logger, "done.");
-    result
-  }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-  use super::super::setup::Setup;
-  use super::AddGeneric;
-  use crate::async_utils::run;
-  use crate::DrySymbolRunner;
-  use std::rc::Rc;
-
-  #[test]
-  fn empty() {
-    let setup: Setup<_, (), (), (), ()> = Setup::new(DrySymbolRunner);
-    run(async {
-      assert!(setup
-        .add_generic(&Rc::new(slog::Logger::root(slog::Discard, slog::o!())), ())
-        .await
-        .is_ok());
-    })
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/setup/mod.rs b/src/setup/mod.rs
index 6392610..8302d77 100644
--- a/src/setup/mod.rs
+++ b/src/setup/mod.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,388 @@
-mod core;
+mod realizer;
 mod symbol_runner;
 mod util;
 pub use symbol_runner::{
   DelayingSymbolRunner, DrySymbolRunner, InitializingSymbolRunner, ReportingSymbolRunner,
   SymbolRunner,
 };
+mod cache;
 mod runnable;
-#[allow(clippy::module_inception)]
-mod setup;
-pub use setup::SetupFacade as Setup;
+use crate::loggers::Logger;
+use crate::resources::{DefaultArtifacts, DefaultResources, FromArtifact, FromResource};
+use crate::symbols::Symbol;
+use crate::{DefaultBuilder, DefaultLocator};
+use crate::{ImplementationBuilder, ResourceLocator};
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use cache::Cache;
+use realizer::Realizer;
+use runnable::Runnable;
+use slog::o;
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use util::{Add, AddGeneric, AddResult, AddableResource, Recorder};
+
+// Necessary for the recursive type
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ActualSetup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>(Cache<Realizer<SR, L, B, Self>, Rs, As>);
+
+#[async_trait(?Send)]
+impl<T: AddableResource + Debug, SR, L, B, Rs, As> Add<T> for ActualSetup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>
+where
+  Cache<Realizer<SR, L, B, Self>, Rs, As>: Add<T>,
+{
+  async fn add(&self, logger: &Rc<slog::Logger>, r: Rc<T>, force_run: bool) -> AddResult<T> {
+    self.0.add(logger, r, force_run).await
+  }
+}
+
+// This is for self-referential T
+// FIXME: Wait for specialization
+#[async_trait(?Send)]
+impl<
+    SR: 'static + SymbolRunner,
+    T: AddableResource,
+    Rs: 'static + Hash + Eq + FromResource<T>,
+    As: 'static + FromArtifact<T> + Clone,
+    L: 'static + ResourceLocator<T, Prerequisites = Option<T>>,
+    B: 'static + ImplementationBuilder<T>,
+  > AddGeneric<Option<T>> for ActualSetup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>
+where
+  <B as ImplementationBuilder<T>>::Implementation: Runnable + Debug,
+  Self: AddGeneric<B::Prerequisites>,
+  T::Artifact: Clone,
+  // These bounds cannot be replaced by
+  // `Realizer<SR, L, B>: Add<T, Self>`
+  // because the prerequisites are Option<T>, too, and thus this would
+  // require AddGeneric<Option<T>> to already be implemented
+{
+  async fn add_generic(
+    &self,
+    logger: &Rc<slog::Logger>,
+    r: Option<T>,
+    force_run: bool,
+  ) -> AddResult<Option<T>> {
+    Ok(match r {
+      Some(r) => {
+        let (result, did_run) = self.add(logger, Rc::new(r), force_run).await?;
+        (Some(result), did_run)
+      }
+      None => (None, false),
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Setup<
+  SR,
+  LOG,
+  L = DefaultLocator,
+  B = DefaultBuilder,
+  Rs = DefaultResources<'static, &'static str>,
+  As = DefaultArtifacts<'static, &'static str>,
+>(LOG, Rc<SR>, Rc<ActualSetup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>>);
+
+impl<SR, LOG> Setup<SR, LOG> {
+  pub fn new(symbol_runner: SR, logger: LOG) -> Self {
+    Self::new_with(symbol_runner, logger)
+  }
+}
+
+impl<L, B, As, SR, LOG, Rs: Hash + Eq> Setup<SR, LOG, L, B, Rs, As> {
+  pub fn new_with(symbol_runner: SR, logger: LOG) -> Self {
+    let runner = Rc::new(symbol_runner);
+    let inner = Rc::new_cyclic(|inner| {
+      ActualSetup(Cache::new(Realizer::new(Rc::clone(&runner), inner.clone())))
+    });
+    Self(logger, runner, inner)
+  }
+}
+
+impl<
+    SR: 'static,
+    LOG: 'static + Logger,
+    L: 'static,
+    B: 'static,
+    Rs: 'static + Eq + Hash,
+    As: 'static,
+  > Setup<SR, LOG, L, B, Rs, As>
+{
+  pub async fn add_force<R: AddableResource>(&self, resource: R, force_run: bool) -> AddResult<R>
+  where
+    Rs: FromResource<R>,
+    As: FromArtifact<R> + Clone,
+    ActualSetup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>: Add<R>,
+  {
+    let recorder = Recorder::default();
+    let result = {
+      let log = Rc::new(slog::Logger::root(recorder.clone(), o!()));
+      self.2.add(&log, Rc::new(resource), force_run).await
+    };
+    self.log_result(recorder, result.as_ref().map(|(_, did_run)| *did_run));
+    result
+  }
+
+  pub async fn add<R: AddableResource>(&self, resource: R) -> AddResult<R>
+  where
+    Rs: FromResource<R>,
+    As: FromArtifact<R> + Clone,
+    R::Artifact: Clone,
+    ActualSetup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>: Add<R>,
+  {
+    self.add_force(resource, false).await
+  }
+
+  pub async fn run_symbol<S: Symbol + Debug>(
+    &self,
+    symbol: S,
+    force: bool,
+  ) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn Error>>
+  where
+    SR: SymbolRunner,
+  {
+    let recorder = Recorder::default();
+    let result = {
+      let log = Rc::new(slog::Logger::root(
+        recorder.clone(),
+        o!("symbol" => format!("{symbol:?}")),
+      ));
+      self.1.run_symbol(&symbol, &log, force).await
+    };
+    self.log_result(recorder, result.as_ref().copied());
+    result
+  }
+
+  fn log_result(&self, recorder: Recorder, result: Result<bool, &Box<dyn Error>>) {
+    let log = match result {
+      Ok(false) => String::new(),
+      Ok(true) => recorder.into_string(slog::Level::Info),
+      Err(e) => recorder.into_string(slog::Level::Trace),
+    };
+    if log.is_empty() {
+      self.0.write(3, ".");
+    } else {
+      self.0.writeln(3, &log);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+  use super::SymbolRunner;
+  use crate::async_utils::run;
+  use crate::loggers::{Entry, StoringLogger};
+  use crate::resources::{FromArtifact, FromResource, Resource};
+  use crate::symbols::Symbol;
+  use crate::to_artifact::ToArtifact;
+  use crate::{ImplementationBuilder, ResourceLocator, Setup};
+  use async_trait::async_trait;
+  use regex::Regex;
+  use slog::{info, Logger};
+  use std::cell::RefCell;
+  use std::error::Error;
+  use std::fmt::Debug;
+  use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};
+
+  struct TestSymbolRunner {
+    count: Rc<RefCell<usize>>,
+  }
+
+  #[async_trait(?Send)]
+  impl SymbolRunner for TestSymbolRunner {
+    async fn run_symbol<S: Symbol + Debug>(
+      &self,
+      symbol: &S,
+      logger: &Logger,
+      force: bool,
+    ) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn Error>> {
+      info!(logger, "run");
+      let run = force || !symbol.target_reached().await?;
+      if run {
+        *self.count.borrow_mut() += 1;
+      }
+      Ok(run)
+    }
+  }
+
+  #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+  struct TestResource<T>(&'static str, T);
+  impl<T> Resource for TestResource<T> {
+    type Artifact = ();
+  }
+
+  #[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
+  enum Resources {
+    A(Rc<TestResource<&'static str>>),
+    B(Rc<TestResource<()>>),
+  }
+  impl FromResource<TestResource<&'static str>> for Resources {
+    fn from_resource(
+      inner: &Rc<TestResource<&'static str>>,
+    ) -> (Self, Weak<TestResource<&'static str>>) {
+      (Self::A(Rc::clone(&inner)), Rc::downgrade(&inner))
+    }
+  }
+  impl FromResource<TestResource<()>> for Resources {
+    fn from_resource(inner: &Rc<TestResource<()>>) -> (Self, Weak<TestResource<()>>) {
+      (Self::B(Rc::clone(&inner)), Rc::downgrade(&inner))
+    }
+  }
+
+  #[derive(Clone)]
+  struct Artifacts;
+  impl<V> FromArtifact<TestResource<V>> for Artifacts {
+    fn from_artifact(_from: ()) -> Self {
+      Self
+    }
+    #[allow(clippy::unused_unit)]
+    fn into_artifact(self) -> () {
+      #[allow(clippy::unused_unit)]
+      ()
+    }
+  }
+
+  struct TestResourceLocator;
+  impl<T> ResourceLocator<TestResource<T>> for TestResourceLocator {
+    type Prerequisites = ();
+    fn locate(_resource: &TestResource<T>) -> (<TestResource<T> as ToArtifact>::Artifact, ()) {
+      ((), ())
+    }
+  }
+
+  struct TestImplementationBuilder;
+  impl ImplementationBuilder<TestResource<&'static str>> for TestImplementationBuilder {
+    type Implementation = TestSymbol;
+    type Prerequisites = TestResource<()>;
+
+    fn prerequisites(resource: &TestResource<&'static str>) -> Self::Prerequisites {
+      TestResource(resource.1, ())
+    }
+    fn create(
+      resource: &TestResource<&'static str>,
+      (): &(),
+      _inputs: <Self::Prerequisites as ToArtifact>::Artifact,
+    ) -> Self::Implementation {
+      TestSymbol {
+        reached: resource.0.chars().next().unwrap().is_uppercase(),
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  impl ImplementationBuilder<TestResource<()>> for TestImplementationBuilder {
+    type Implementation = TestSymbol;
+    type Prerequisites = ();
+
+    fn prerequisites(_resource: &TestResource<()>) -> Self::Prerequisites {}
+    fn create(resource: &TestResource<()>, (): &(), (): ()) -> Self::Implementation {
+      TestSymbol {
+        reached: resource.0.chars().next().unwrap().is_uppercase(),
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  #[derive(Debug)]
+  struct TestSymbol {
+    reached: bool,
+  }
+
+  #[async_trait(?Send)]
+  impl Symbol for TestSymbol {
+    async fn target_reached(&self) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn Error>> {
+      Ok(self.reached)
+    }
+    async fn execute(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+      Ok(())
+    }
+  }
+
+  #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+  fn get_setup() -> (
+    Rc<RefCell<usize>>,
+    Setup<
+      TestSymbolRunner,
+      StoringLogger,
+      TestResourceLocator,
+      TestImplementationBuilder,
+      Resources,
+      Artifacts,
+    >,
+    StoringLogger,
+  ) {
+    let count = Rc::new(RefCell::new(0));
+    let runner = TestSymbolRunner {
+      count: Rc::clone(&count),
+    };
+    let logger = StoringLogger::new();
+    (count, Setup::new_with(runner, logger.clone()), logger)
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn correctly_uses_force() {
+    run(async {
+      let (count, setup, _) = get_setup();
+      setup.add(TestResource("A", "b")).await.unwrap();
+      assert_eq!(*count.borrow(), 2);
+      setup.add(TestResource("A", "b")).await.unwrap();
+      assert_eq!(*count.borrow(), 2);
+
+      let (count, setup, _) = get_setup();
+      setup.add(TestResource("A", "B")).await.unwrap();
+      assert_eq!(*count.borrow(), 0);
+    });
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn run_reached_symbol() {
+    run(async {
+      let (count, setup, log) = get_setup();
+      let did_run = setup
+        .run_symbol(TestSymbol { reached: true }, false)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+      drop(setup);
+      assert!(!did_run);
+      assert_eq!(*count.borrow(), 0);
+      assert_eq!(log.release(), vec![Entry(3, ".".into())]);
+    });
+  }
+
+  #[test]
+  fn run_not_reached_symbol() {
+    run(async {
+      let (count, setup, log) = get_setup();
+      let did_run = setup
+        .run_symbol(TestSymbol { reached: false }, false)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+      drop(setup);
+      assert!(did_run);
+      assert_eq!(*count.borrow(), 1);
+      let log = log.release();
+      assert_eq!(log.len(), 1);
+      assert_eq!(log[0].0, 3);
+      let re = Regex::new(r"^symbol: TestSymbol \{ reached: false \}\n \w+ \d{1,2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}.\d{3} INFO run\n$").unwrap();
+      assert!(re.is_match(&log[0].1));
+    });
+  }
+
+  use super::{ActualSetup, AddGeneric, Cache, Realizer};
+
+  #[test]
+  fn empty_tuple_add_generic() {
+    let setup = Rc::new_cyclic(|inner| {
+      ActualSetup(Cache::<Realizer<(), (), (), _>, (), ()>::new(
+        Realizer::new(Rc::new(()), inner.clone()),
+      ))
+    });
+    run(async {
+      assert!(setup
+        .add_generic(
+          &Rc::new(slog::Logger::root(slog::Discard, slog::o!())),
+          (),
+          false
+        )
+        .await
+        .is_ok());
+    })
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/setup/realizer.rs b/src/setup/realizer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2757186
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/setup/realizer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use super::{Add, AddGeneric, AddResult, AddableResource, Runnable, SymbolRunner};
+use crate::{ImplementationBuilder, ResourceLocator};
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use slog::{debug, o, trace, Logger};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Realizer<SR, L, B, S> {
+  symbol_runner: Rc<SR>,
+  outer: Weak<S>,
+  phantom: PhantomData<(L, B)>,
+}
+
+impl<SR, L, B, S> Realizer<SR, L, B, S> {
+  pub fn new(symbol_runner: Rc<SR>, outer: Weak<S>) -> Self {
+    Self {
+      symbol_runner,
+      outer,
+      phantom: PhantomData::default(),
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#[async_trait(?Send)]
+impl<R, SR, L, B, S> Add<R> for Realizer<SR, L, B, S>
+where
+  R: AddableResource,
+  SR: SymbolRunner,
+  L: ResourceLocator<R>,
+  B: ImplementationBuilder<R>,
+  <B as ImplementationBuilder<R>>::Implementation: Runnable + Debug,
+  S: AddGeneric<B::Prerequisites> + AddGeneric<<L as ResourceLocator<R>>::Prerequisites>,
+{
+  async fn add(&self, logger: &Rc<Logger>, resource: Rc<R>, force_run: bool) -> AddResult<R> {
+    let setup = self.outer.upgrade().unwrap();
+    let logger = Rc::new(logger.new(o!("resource" => format!("{resource:?}"))));
+    trace!(logger, "(force_run is {})", force_run);
+    let (location, location_prereqs) = L::locate(&resource);
+    trace!(logger, "Adding location prereqs ...");
+    let (_, location_prereqs_did_run) = (*setup)
+      .add_generic(&logger, location_prereqs, false)
+      .await?;
+    trace!(
+      logger,
+      "Location prereqs did_run: {}",
+      location_prereqs_did_run
+    );
+
+    trace!(logger, "Adding implementation prereqs ...");
+    let (prereqs, prereqs_did_run) = (*setup)
+      .add_generic(&logger, B::prerequisites(&resource), false)
+      .await?;
+    trace!(
+      logger,
+      "Implementation prereqs did_run: {}",
+      prereqs_did_run
+    );
+
+    trace!(logger, "Running implementation ...");
+    let implementation = B::create(&resource, &location, prereqs);
+    let did_run = implementation
+      .run(
+        &*self.symbol_runner,
+        &logger,
+        force_run || location_prereqs_did_run || prereqs_did_run,
+      )
+      .await?;
+    debug!(logger, "done.");
+
+    Ok((location, did_run))
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/setup/setup.rs b/src/setup/setup.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 976d17e..0000000
--- a/src/setup/setup.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,390 +0,0 @@
-use super::core::{RegularSetupCore, SetupCore};
-use super::util::{AddResult, AddableResource, Recorder};
-use super::SymbolRunner;
-use crate::async_utils::sleep;
-use crate::loggers::Logger;
-use crate::resources::{DefaultArtifacts, DefaultResources, FromArtifact, FromResource};
-use crate::symbols::Symbol;
-use crate::{DefaultBuilder, DefaultLocator};
-use futures_util::future::{FutureExt, Shared};
-use slog::{o, trace, Logger as SlogLogger};
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::error::Error;
-use std::fmt::Debug;
-use std::future::Future;
-use std::hash::Hash;
-use std::pin::Pin;
-use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-type Cache<Rs, As> = HashMap<Rs, Shared<Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = (As, bool)>>>>>;
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct SetupInner<CORE, Rs, As> {
-  core: CORE,
-  resources: RefCell<Cache<Rs, As>>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct Setup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>(Rc<SetupInner<RegularSetupCore<SR, L, B>, Rs, As>>);
-
-impl<SR, L, B, Rs, As> Setup<SR, L, B, Rs, As> {
-  pub fn new(symbol_runner: SR) -> Self {
-    Self(Rc::new(SetupInner {
-      core: RegularSetupCore::new(symbol_runner),
-      resources: RefCell::default(),
-    }))
-  }
-}
-impl<L: 'static, B: 'static, SR: 'static, Rs: Hash + Eq + 'static, As: 'static>
-  Setup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>
-{
-  // FIXME: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/6353
-  #[allow(clippy::await_holding_refcell_ref)]
-  pub async fn add<R: AddableResource>(
-    &self,
-    logger: &Rc<SlogLogger>,
-    resource: R,
-    force_run: bool,
-  ) -> AddResult<R>
-  where
-    Rs: FromResource<R>,
-    As: FromArtifact<R> + Clone,
-    RegularSetupCore<SR, L, B>: SetupCore<R, Self>,
-  {
-    let (storable_resource, weak_resource) = Rs::from_resource(resource);
-    let mut resources = self.0.resources.borrow_mut();
-    let result = if let Some(future) = resources.remove(&storable_resource) {
-      assert!(
-        !force_run,
-        "Forcing to run an already-added resource is a logical error"
-      );
-      resources.insert(storable_resource, future.clone());
-      drop(resources);
-      trace!(logger, "Resource already added");
-      Ok(future.await)
-    } else {
-      let inner_weak = Rc::downgrade(&self.0);
-      let logger_weak = Rc::downgrade(logger);
-      let future = Box::pin(async move {
-        let this = Self(inner_weak.upgrade().expect("Dangling!"));
-        let logger = logger_weak.upgrade().expect("Dangling!");
-        let resource = weak_resource.upgrade().expect("Dangling!");
-        // Need to convert Box<Error> to String for Clone for Shared
-        let result = this.0.core.add(&this, &logger, resource, force_run).await;
-
-        result
-          .map(|(t, did_run)| (As::from_artifact(t), did_run))
-          .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
-      })
-      .shared();
-      let future_clone = future.clone();
-      resources.insert(
-        storable_resource,
-        (Box::pin(async move {
-          let result = future_clone.await;
-          if result.is_err() {
-            // Step back to give the initial caller time to handle the error before unwrapping
-            sleep(Duration::from_millis(0)).await;
-          }
-          result.unwrap()
-        }) as Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = (As, bool)>>>)
-          .shared(),
-      );
-      drop(resources);
-      let result = future.await;
-      result.map_err(std::convert::Into::into)
-    };
-    result.map(|(t, did_run)| (t.into_artifact(), did_run))
-  }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct SetupFacade<
-  SR,
-  LOG,
-  L = DefaultLocator,
-  B = DefaultBuilder,
-  Rs = DefaultResources<'static, &'static str>,
-  As = DefaultArtifacts<'static, &'static str>,
->(LOG, Setup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>);
-
-impl<SR, LOG> SetupFacade<SR, LOG> {
-  pub fn new(symbol_runner: SR, logger: LOG) -> Self {
-    Self::new_with(symbol_runner, logger)
-  }
-}
-
-impl<L, B, As, SR, LOG, Rs: Hash + Eq> SetupFacade<SR, LOG, L, B, Rs, As> {
-  pub fn new_with(symbol_runner: SR, logger: LOG) -> Self {
-    Self(logger, Setup::new(symbol_runner))
-  }
-}
-
-impl<
-    SR: 'static,
-    LOG: 'static + Logger,
-    L: 'static,
-    B: 'static,
-    Rs: 'static + Eq + Hash,
-    As: 'static,
-  > SetupFacade<SR, LOG, L, B, Rs, As>
-{
-  pub async fn add_force<R: AddableResource>(&self, resource: R, force_run: bool) -> AddResult<R>
-  where
-    Rs: FromResource<R>,
-    As: FromArtifact<R> + Clone,
-    RegularSetupCore<SR, L, B>: SetupCore<R, Setup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>>,
-  {
-    let recorder = Recorder::default();
-    let result = {
-      let log = Rc::new(slog::Logger::root(recorder.clone(), o!()));
-      self.1.add(&log, resource, force_run).await
-    };
-    self.log_result(recorder, result.as_ref().map(|(_, did_run)| *did_run));
-    result
-  }
-
-  pub async fn add<R: AddableResource>(&self, resource: R) -> AddResult<R>
-  where
-    Rs: FromResource<R>,
-    As: FromArtifact<R> + Clone,
-    R::Artifact: Clone,
-    RegularSetupCore<SR, L, B>: SetupCore<R, Setup<SR, L, B, Rs, As>>,
-  {
-    self.add_force(resource, false).await
-  }
-
-  pub async fn run_symbol<S: Symbol + Debug>(
-    &self,
-    symbol: S,
-    force: bool,
-  ) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn Error>>
-  where
-    RegularSetupCore<SR, L, B>: SymbolRunner,
-  {
-    let recorder = Recorder::default();
-    let result = {
-      let log = Rc::new(slog::Logger::root(
-        recorder.clone(),
-        o!("symbol" => format!("{symbol:?}")),
-      ));
-      (self.1).0.core.run_symbol(&symbol, &log, force).await
-    };
-    self.log_result(recorder, result.as_ref().copied());
-    result
-  }
-
-  fn log_result(&self, recorder: Recorder, result: Result<bool, &Box<dyn Error>>) {
-    let log = match result {
-      Ok(false) => String::new(),
-      Ok(true) => recorder.into_string(slog::Level::Info),
-      Err(e) => recorder.into_string(slog::Level::Trace),
-    };
-    if log.is_empty() {
-      self.0.write(3, ".");
-    } else {
-      self.0.writeln(3, &log);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-  use super::SymbolRunner;
-  use crate::async_utils::run;
-  use crate::loggers::{Entry, StoringLogger};
-  use crate::resources::{FromArtifact, FromResource, Resource};
-  use crate::symbols::Symbol;
-  use crate::to_artifact::ToArtifact;
-  use crate::{ImplementationBuilder, ResourceLocator, Setup};
-  use async_trait::async_trait;
-  use regex::Regex;
-  use slog::{info, Logger};
-  use std::cell::RefCell;
-  use std::error::Error;
-  use std::fmt::Debug;
-  use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};
-
-  struct TestSymbolRunner {
-    count: Rc<RefCell<usize>>,
-  }
-
-  #[async_trait(?Send)]
-  impl SymbolRunner for TestSymbolRunner {
-    async fn run_symbol<S: Symbol + Debug>(
-      &self,
-      symbol: &S,
-      logger: &Logger,
-      force: bool,
-    ) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn Error>> {
-      info!(logger, "run");
-      let run = force || !symbol.target_reached().await?;
-      if run {
-        *self.count.borrow_mut() += 1;
-      }
-      Ok(run)
-    }
-  }
-
-  #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
-  struct TestResource<T>(&'static str, T);
-  impl<T> Resource for TestResource<T> {
-    type Artifact = ();
-  }
-
-  #[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
-  enum Resources {
-    A(Rc<TestResource<&'static str>>),
-    B(Rc<TestResource<()>>),
-  }
-  impl FromResource<TestResource<&'static str>> for Resources {
-    fn from_resource(from: TestResource<&'static str>) -> (Self, Weak<TestResource<&'static str>>) {
-      let inner = Rc::new(from);
-      (Self::A(Rc::clone(&inner)), Rc::downgrade(&inner))
-    }
-  }
-  impl FromResource<TestResource<()>> for Resources {
-    fn from_resource(from: TestResource<()>) -> (Self, Weak<TestResource<()>>) {
-      let inner = Rc::new(from);
-      (Self::B(Rc::clone(&inner)), Rc::downgrade(&inner))
-    }
-  }
-
-  #[derive(Clone)]
-  struct Artifacts;
-  impl<V> FromArtifact<TestResource<V>> for Artifacts {
-    fn from_artifact(_from: ()) -> Self {
-      Self
-    }
-    #[allow(clippy::unused_unit)]
-    fn into_artifact(self) -> () {
-      #[allow(clippy::unused_unit)]
-      ()
-    }
-  }
-
-  struct TestResourceLocator;
-  impl<T> ResourceLocator<TestResource<T>> for TestResourceLocator {
-    type Prerequisites = ();
-    fn locate(_resource: &TestResource<T>) -> (<TestResource<T> as ToArtifact>::Artifact, ()) {
-      ((), ())
-    }
-  }
-
-  struct TestImplementationBuilder;
-  impl ImplementationBuilder<TestResource<&'static str>> for TestImplementationBuilder {
-    type Implementation = TestSymbol;
-    type Prerequisites = TestResource<()>;
-
-    fn prerequisites(resource: &TestResource<&'static str>) -> Self::Prerequisites {
-      TestResource(resource.1, ())
-    }
-    fn create(
-      resource: &TestResource<&'static str>,
-      (): &(),
-      _inputs: <Self::Prerequisites as ToArtifact>::Artifact,
-    ) -> Self::Implementation {
-      TestSymbol {
-        reached: resource.0.chars().next().unwrap().is_uppercase(),
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  impl ImplementationBuilder<TestResource<()>> for TestImplementationBuilder {
-    type Implementation = TestSymbol;
-    type Prerequisites = ();
-
-    fn prerequisites(_resource: &TestResource<()>) -> Self::Prerequisites {}
-    fn create(resource: &TestResource<()>, (): &(), (): ()) -> Self::Implementation {
-      TestSymbol {
-        reached: resource.0.chars().next().unwrap().is_uppercase(),
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  #[derive(Debug)]
-  struct TestSymbol {
-    reached: bool,
-  }
-
-  #[async_trait(?Send)]
-  impl Symbol for TestSymbol {
-    async fn target_reached(&self) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn Error>> {
-      Ok(self.reached)
-    }
-    async fn execute(&self) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
-      Ok(())
-    }
-  }
-
-  #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
-  fn get_setup() -> (
-    Rc<RefCell<usize>>,
-    Setup<
-      TestSymbolRunner,
-      StoringLogger,
-      TestResourceLocator,
-      TestImplementationBuilder,
-      Resources,
-      Artifacts,
-    >,
-    StoringLogger,
-  ) {
-    let count = Rc::new(RefCell::new(0));
-    let runner = TestSymbolRunner {
-      count: Rc::clone(&count),
-    };
-    let logger = StoringLogger::new();
-    (count, Setup::new_with(runner, logger.clone()), logger)
-  }
-
-  #[test]
-  fn correctly_uses_force() {
-    run(async {
-      let (count, setup, _) = get_setup();
-      setup.add(TestResource("A", "b")).await.unwrap();
-      assert_eq!(*count.borrow(), 2);
-      setup.add(TestResource("A", "b")).await.unwrap();
-      assert_eq!(*count.borrow(), 2);
-
-      let (count, setup, _) = get_setup();
-      setup.add(TestResource("A", "B")).await.unwrap();
-      assert_eq!(*count.borrow(), 0);
-    });
-  }
-
-  #[test]
-  fn run_reached_symbol() {
-    run(async {
-      let (count, setup, log) = get_setup();
-      let did_run = setup
-        .run_symbol(TestSymbol { reached: true }, false)
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-      drop(setup);
-      assert!(!did_run);
-      assert_eq!(*count.borrow(), 0);
-      assert_eq!(log.release(), vec![Entry(3, ".".into())]);
-    });
-  }
-
-  #[test]
-  fn run_not_reached_symbol() {
-    run(async {
-      let (count, setup, log) = get_setup();
-      let did_run = setup
-        .run_symbol(TestSymbol { reached: false }, false)
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
-      drop(setup);
-      assert!(did_run);
-      assert_eq!(*count.borrow(), 1);
-      let log = log.release();
-      assert_eq!(log.len(), 1);
-      assert_eq!(log[0].0, 3);
-      let re = Regex::new(r"^symbol: TestSymbol \{ reached: false \}\n \w+ \d{1,2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}.\d{3} INFO run\n$").unwrap();
-      assert!(re.is_match(&log[0].1));
-    });
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/setup/util.rs b/src/setup/util.rs
index 4602f2d..6951165 100644
--- a/src/setup/util.rs
+++ b/src/setup/util.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+use crate::async_utils::join;
 use crate::resources::Resource;
 use crate::to_artifact::ToArtifact;
-use slog::{Drain, Filter, OwnedKVList, Record};
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use slog::{Drain, Filter, Logger, OwnedKVList, Record};
 use slog_async::AsyncRecord;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::error::Error;
@@ -14,6 +16,52 @@ impl<R> AddableResource for R where R: 'static + Resource + Debug {}
 
 pub type AddResult<R> = Result<(<R as ToArtifact>::Artifact, bool), Box<dyn Error>>;
 
+#[async_trait(?Send)]
+pub trait Add<R: AddableResource> {
+  async fn add(&self, logger: &Rc<Logger>, resource: Rc<R>, force_run: bool) -> AddResult<R>;
+}
+
+#[async_trait(?Send)]
+pub trait AddGeneric<X: ToArtifact> {
+  async fn add_generic(&self, logger: &Rc<Logger>, x: X, force_run: bool) -> AddResult<X>;
+}
+
+macro_rules! add_generic {
+  ( $($name:ident)* ) => (
+    #[async_trait(?Send)]
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+    impl<_S, $($name: AddableResource,)*>
+      AddGeneric<($($name,)*)> for _S
+      where
+      $(
+        _S: AddGeneric<$name>
+      ),*
+    {
+      #[allow(unused, clippy::shadow_unrelated)]
+      async fn add_generic(&self, logger: &Rc<Logger>, ($($name,)*): ($($name,)*), force_run: bool) -> AddResult<($($name,)*)>
+      {
+        let ($($name,)*) = join!($(self.add_generic(logger, $name, force_run),)*);
+        let mut did_run_any = false;
+        $(
+        let (artifact, did_run) = $name?;
+        did_run_any = did_run_any || did_run;
+        let $name = artifact;
+        )*
+        Ok((($($name,)*), did_run_any))
+      }
+    }
+  );
+}
+
+for_each_tuple!(add_generic);
+
+#[async_trait(?Send)]
+impl<R: AddableResource + Debug, S: Add<R>> AddGeneric<R> for S {
+  async fn add_generic(&self, logger: &Rc<Logger>, r: R, force_run: bool) -> AddResult<R> {
+    self.add(logger, Rc::new(r), force_run).await
+  }
+}
+
 // From https://users.rust-lang.org/t/how-to-send-a-writer-into-a-thread/4965/10
 #[derive(Clone)]
 struct Output<W>(Rc<RefCell<W>>);