diff --git a/src/builder.rs b/src/builder.rs
index aa385bc..ef00da2 100644
--- a/src/builder.rs
+++ b/src/builder.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 use crate::command_runner::{SetuidCommandRunner, StdCommandRunner};
 use crate::resources::{
-  AcmeAccountKey, AcmeChallengesDir, AcmeChallengesNginxSnippet, AcmeRootCert, AcmeUser, Cert,
+  AcmeAccountKey, AcmeChallengesDir, AcmeChallengesNginxSnippet, AcmeUser, Cert,
   CertChain, Cron, Csr, DefaultServer, Dir, File, GitCheckout, Key, KeyAndCertBundle,
   LoadedDirectory, MariaDbDatabase, MariaDbUser, NpmInstall, Owner, PhpFpmPool, PostgresqlDatabase,
   Resource, ServeCustom, ServePhp, ServeRedir, ServeService, ServeStatic, StoredDirectory,
   SystemdSocketService, User, UserForDomain, WordpressPlugin, WordpressTranslation,
 };
-use crate::static_files::LETS_ENCRYPT_R3;
 use crate::storage::SimpleStorage;
 use crate::storage::Storage;
 use crate::symbols::acme::Cert as CertSymbol;
@@ -99,7 +98,6 @@ impl<D: Clone> ImplementationBuilder<Csr<D>> for DefaultBuilder {
 impl<D: Clone> ImplementationBuilder<Cert<D>> for DefaultBuilder {
   type Prerequisites = (
     Csr<D>,
-    AcmeRootCert,
     AcmeAccountKey,
     AcmeChallengesDir,
     AcmeUser,
@@ -108,7 +106,6 @@ impl<D: Clone> ImplementationBuilder<Cert<D>> for DefaultBuilder {
   fn prerequisites(resource: &Cert<D>) -> Self::Prerequisites {
     (
       Csr(resource.0.clone()),
-      AcmeRootCert,
       AcmeAccountKey,
       AcmeChallengesDir,
       AcmeUser,
@@ -121,12 +118,11 @@ impl<D: Clone> ImplementationBuilder<Cert<D>> for DefaultBuilder {
   fn create(
     resource: &Cert<D>,
     target: &<Cert<D> as Resource>::Artifact,
-    (csr, root_cert, account_key, challenges_dir, (user_name, _), _): <Self::Prerequisites as ToArtifact>::Artifact,
+    (csr, account_key, challenges_dir, (user_name, _), _): <Self::Prerequisites as ToArtifact>::Artifact,
   ) -> Self::Implementation {
     CertSymbol::new(
       resource.0.clone(),
       SetuidCommandRunner::new(user_name.0),
-      root_cert.clone_rc(),
       account_key.clone_rc(),
       challenges_dir.clone_rc(),
       csr.clone_rc(),
@@ -136,18 +132,18 @@ impl<D: Clone> ImplementationBuilder<Cert<D>> for DefaultBuilder {
 }
 
 impl<D: Clone> ImplementationBuilder<CertChain<D>> for DefaultBuilder {
-  type Prerequisites = (Cert<D>, AcmeRootCert);
+  type Prerequisites = Cert<D>;
   fn prerequisites(resource: &CertChain<D>) -> Self::Prerequisites {
-    (Cert(resource.0.clone()), AcmeRootCert)
+    Cert(resource.0.clone())
   }
 
-  type Implementation = ConcatSymbol<[Rc<Path>; 2], Rc<Path>, Rc<Path>>;
+  type Implementation = ConcatSymbol<[Rc<Path>; 1], Rc<Path>, Rc<Path>>;
   fn create(
     _resource: &CertChain<D>,
     target: &<CertChain<D> as Resource>::Artifact,
-    (cert, root_cert): <Self::Prerequisites as ToArtifact>::Artifact,
+    cert: <Self::Prerequisites as ToArtifact>::Artifact,
   ) -> Self::Implementation {
-    ConcatSymbol::new([cert.clone_rc(), root_cert.clone_rc()], target.clone_rc())
+    ConcatSymbol::new([cert.clone_rc()], target.clone_rc())
   }
 }
 
@@ -667,20 +663,6 @@ impl ImplementationBuilder<AcmeAccountKey> for DefaultBuilder {
   }
 }
 
-impl ImplementationBuilder<AcmeRootCert> for DefaultBuilder {
-  type Prerequisites = ();
-  fn prerequisites(_resource: &AcmeRootCert) -> Self::Prerequisites {}
-
-  type Implementation = FileSymbol<Rc<Path>, &'static str>;
-  fn create(
-    _resource: &AcmeRootCert,
-    target: &<AcmeRootCert as Resource>::Artifact,
-    (): <Self::Prerequisites as ToArtifact>::Artifact,
-  ) -> Self::Implementation {
-    FileSymbol::new(target.clone_rc(), LETS_ENCRYPT_R3)
-  }
-}
-
 impl<D> ImplementationBuilder<MariaDbUser<D>> for DefaultBuilder {
   type Prerequisites = ();
   fn prerequisites(_resource: &MariaDbUser<D>) -> Self::Prerequisites {}
diff --git a/src/locator.rs b/src/locator.rs
index 01a6e41..a1b139e 100644
--- a/src/locator.rs
+++ b/src/locator.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::artifacts::{
   UserName as UserNameArtifact,
 };
 use crate::resources::{
-  AcmeAccountKey, AcmeChallengesDir, AcmeChallengesNginxSnippet, AcmeRootCert, AcmeUser, Cert,
+  AcmeAccountKey, AcmeChallengesDir, AcmeChallengesNginxSnippet, AcmeUser, Cert,
   CertChain, Cron, Csr, DefaultServer, Dir, File, GitCheckout, Key, KeyAndCertBundle,
   LoadedDirectory, MariaDbDatabase, MariaDbUser, NpmInstall, Owner, PhpFpmPool, PostgresqlDatabase,
   Resource, ServeCustom, ServePhp, ServeRedir, ServeService, ServeStatic, StoredDirectory,
@@ -237,20 +237,6 @@ impl<P: Policy> ResourceLocator<AcmeChallengesNginxSnippet> for DefaultLocator<P
   }
 }
 
-impl<P: Policy> ResourceLocator<AcmeRootCert> for DefaultLocator<P> {
-  type Prerequisites = Dir<Rc<Path>>;
-  fn locate(
-    _resource: &AcmeRootCert,
-  ) -> (<AcmeRootCert as Resource>::Artifact, Self::Prerequisites) {
-    let acme_user = P::acme_user();
-    let home = P::user_home(acme_user);
-    (
-      PathArtifact::from(home.join("lets_encrypt_r3.pem")),
-      Dir(home),
-    )
-  }
-}
-
 impl<P: Policy, D: AsRef<str>> ResourceLocator<UserForDomain<D>> for DefaultLocator<P> {
   type Prerequisites = ();
   fn locate(
diff --git a/src/resources/mod.rs b/src/resources/mod.rs
index 8c56a67..06daa5f 100644
--- a/src/resources/mod.rs
+++ b/src/resources/mod.rs
@@ -94,12 +94,6 @@ impl Resource for AcmeUser {
   type Artifact = (UserNameArtifact, PathArtifact);
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct AcmeRootCert;
-impl Resource for AcmeRootCert {
-  type Artifact = PathArtifact;
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct AcmeChallengesDir;
 impl Resource for AcmeChallengesDir {
@@ -348,7 +342,6 @@ default_resources!(
   AcmeAccountKey: AcmeAccountKey,
   AcmeChallengesDir: AcmeChallengesDir,
   AcmeChallengesNginxSnippet: AcmeChallengesNginxSnippet,
-  AcmeRootCert: AcmeRootCert,
   AcmeUser: AcmeUser,
   Cert: Cert<D>,
   CertChain: CertChain<D>,
diff --git a/src/symbols/acme/cert.rs b/src/symbols/acme/cert.rs
index 9055c85..955606b 100644
--- a/src/symbols/acme/cert.rs
+++ b/src/symbols/acme/cert.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ use std::path::Path;
 pub struct Cert<_C, C, D, P> {
   domain: D,
   command_runner: C,
-  root_cert_path: P,
   account_key_path: P,
   challenges_path: P,
   csr_path: P,
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ impl<_C, C, D, P> Cert<_C, C, D, P> {
   pub fn new(
     domain: D,
     command_runner: C,
-    root_cert_path: P,
     account_key_path: P,
     challenges_path: P,
     csr_path: P,
@@ -33,7 +31,6 @@ impl<_C, C, D, P> Cert<_C, C, D, P> {
     Self {
       domain,
       command_runner,
-      root_cert_path,
       account_key_path,
       challenges_path,
       csr_path,
@@ -84,8 +81,12 @@ impl<_C: CommandRunner, C: Borrow<_C>, D: AsRef<str>, P: AsRef<Path>> Symbol for
             "openssl",
             args![
               "verify",
-              "--untrusted",
-              self.root_cert_path.as_ref(),
+              // Since the cert file includes the intermediate,
+              // this pulls the intermediate into the verification chain
+              // without trusting it
+              "-untrusted",
+              self.cert_path.as_ref(),
+              // Only the first cert in the cert file is verified
               self.cert_path.as_ref(),
             ],
           )
diff --git a/static_files/lets_encrypt_r3.pem b/static_files/lets_encrypt_r3.pem
deleted file mode 100644
index 43b222a..0000000
--- a/static_files/lets_encrypt_r3.pem
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
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-nLRbwHOoq7hHwg==
------END CERTIFICATE-----